Breaking News

Reviewing pathogen research, enlisting AI in lung cancer model, & covering hospital staffing with taxpayer funds

January 23, 2023
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer

Good morning. Bob Herman pulls back the veil on who paid for pandemic staffing at some hospital systems. Read on.

Health

NIH preps for pathogen research reform

More federal oversight is needed on research that could make viruses more transmissible, according to a draft report from a board tasked with reviewing the NIH's pathogen research in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. 

The report recommends "federal department-level review" for proposals involving this method, also known as gain-of-function research, and expanding the definition of pathogens that have the potential to reach pandemic level. The report comes days after another one from a government watchdog that similarly recommends better surveillance and transparency, though last week's draft report is a preview of an NIH meeting on the subject this Friday. Both land amid a heated debate over the role gain of function has in infectious disease research, with some Republicans pressing an unproven theory that those types of studies led to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen that causes Covid-19.


Artificial intelligence

As more never-smokers develop lung cancer, researchers test an AI model to predict risk

Too many people with lung cancer learn their diagnosis too late. Screening CT scans are recommended for smokers and former smokers, but not as many take advantage of those tests as health experts might hope. And amid rising incidence of lung cancer in people who never smoked, scientists are searching for ways to warn of increased risk in time to make a difference. A clinical trial now gearing up is enlisting an artificial intelligence tool to predict an individual's cancer risk over six years by analyzing the result of a single low-dose CT scan without demographic or medical information or even a radiologist's annotation.

The idea is to help pick out who would benefit from having more tests and being watched more closely. Early data in the Journal of Clinical Oncology are encouraging, but there's a caveat: 92% of the people in the datasets used to train the model were white. STAT's Casey Ross has more.


opioids

Deaths did not rise with wider access to buprenorphine during the pandemic

Treating substance use disorder with buprenorphine is a complicated story. An opioid itself, it's regulated as a controlled substance. When Covid-19 emerged in early 2020,  emergency policies allowed doctors to issue new buprenorphine prescriptions via telemedicine, making it far easier for patients in rural areas or without transportation to get it. While embraced by most doctors and health officials, some of of these experts voiced concerns that increasing buprenorphine access could have unintended consequences, including overdoses.

Now, a new study in JAMA Network Open shows that despite the medication's wider availability, deaths involving buprenorphine still constitute a small fraction of overall drug mortality. While deaths involving buprenorphine did tick upward in the months following the policy changes, they increased at a significantly lower rate than overall drug deaths. Between July 2019 and June 2021, the share of opioid-related deaths involving buprenorphine dropped from 3.6% to 2.1%. STAT's Lev Facher has more.



Closer Look

How public funds subsidized hospitals' labor during the pandemic

GettyImages-1334895267Brandon Bell/Getty Images

Under the strain of the pandemic, hospitals have been bemoaning rising employee expenses as they've paid workers more to prevent them from jumping to competitors, pursuing traveling gigs, or leaving the profession altogether. But some, like those in Texas, have been able to bring in traveling nurses and other temporary staff on the taxpayers' dime, STAT's Bob Herman reports.

Christus Health, a not-for-profit Catholic health system, collects more than $7 billion of annual revenue from its more than two dozen hospitals in Texas, New Mexico, and Louisiana. In its fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, Christus received $95.4 million for  travel nurses and other medical staff "at no cost to Christus," the system recently said in its financial records. They came via "regional advisory councils," also found in Georgia, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin, but the sheer size of Texas makes its councils and their funding stand out. Read how it works.


Cancer

Delays in breast cancer treatment after diagnosis linked to race and geography

As we noted above about lung cancer, delays in cancer diagnosis can be harmful. A new study out today in the journal Cancer looking at delays in treatment after diagnosis found that for breast cancer patients, race and geography mattered in how quickly they received surgery or chemotherapy. For their analysis, researchers combed through data from 2004 through 2015 on more than 32,000 patients with breast cancer in North Carolina. 

Defining delay as a gap of more than 60 days, they found that 15% of Black patients, compared to 8% of other patients, experienced delays. In certain parts of the state, patients of any race were up to twice as likely to experience delays than people living in other regions, with the racial gap in delays ranging from 0 to 9.4%. The researchers blame the structure of local health systems for the disparities.


Pharma

FTC wants Martin Shkreli held in contempt for violating ban on working in pharma

The Federal Trade Commission appears to have run out of patience with Martin Shkreli. In a motion filed in federal court in New York, the FTC and seven state regulators have asked a federal judge to hold the "pharma bro" in contempt for failing to provide the agency with information it needs to determine whether he is violating an order that permanently banned him from working in the pharmaceutical industry. At issue is his new company, Druglike Inc., for which Shkreli has failed to provide documents and sit for an interview as part of the investigation.

The company's website claims it can use a software platform for "democratizing the access, costs, and rewards of early-stage drug discovery." In a press release issued in July, Druglike maintained it is a "blockchain/Web3 software company and not a pharmaceutical company. Druglike is not engaged in pharmaceutical research or drug development." STAT's Ed Silverman has the story.


by the numbers

jan. 22 cases covid-chart-export - 2023-01-22T123443.479


jan. 22 deaths covid-chart-export - 2023-01-22T123512.280

 


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Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,

 


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