Breaking News

A landfill disaster, masks in medical settings, & a precursor to leukemia

April 18, 2023
Good morning! This is reporter Eric Boodman filling in for Liz, who was running the Boston Marathon yesterday. Today we have a surprising connection between landfill emissions and local anti-abortion legislation, a new target for cells that precede leukemia, and the possible link between gut bugs and anorexia.

special report

Amid a town's landfill crisis, a local abortion debate consumes attention

Tim and Zoe Poplin pose for a portrait with their toddler, Ezra outside of their home in Bristol, Tennessee.Mike Belleme for STAT

Zoe and Tim Poplin (above) were trying to do everything right for their first child. They drove home at a crawl, afraid to go over 30 miles an hour. They wouldn't use plug-in air fresheners or see their unvaccinated family members. But the landfill gas from nearby Bristol, Va. — locals call it "The Beast" —  means their infant is exposed to chemicals that are beyond their control. When I visited in late January, I met families who'd evacuated their homes because of the fumes, others whose kids had landed in the hospital. 

But that week, the vast majority of the city council meeting was taken up by something else: a local anti-abortion zoning ordinance. That's also what's landed Bristol in the national news. "People care more about the unborn than they do about … an entire city who can't breathe," Zoe said. I delve more into how these two issues are intertwined in a new special report


health

Infectious disease specialists call for dropping universal masking in health care settings

STAT's Helen Branswell brings this report: The time has come to drop universal mask requirements in health care settings, a group of infectious disease doctors and epidemiologists propose in a new commentary in Annals of Internal Medicine. The eight experts argue that health care settings should now handle Covid-19 like other endemic respiratory pathogens — using standard infection control practices. Those require health workers to protect themselves with masks and eye protection when they are doing activities that could generate sprays to the face and to use additional protection when treating patients with suspected or confirmed respiratory ailments. Those protocols also require patients with respiratory symptoms to wear a mask when in health care settings.

Requiring universal masking of health workers, patients, and visitors may marginally reduce Covid transmission, but it comes at a cost to health worker-patient interactions, the experts said. They noted, though, that masking is a tool that may again be needed in future.


cancer

Study explores why some blood stem cells go rogue

Many people who go on to develop leukemia have a precursor to the cancer: stem cells that are clones of each other. They seem healthy, but harbor some mutations found in malignant cells. Stanford pathologist Siddartha Jaiswal knew they could hold a key to nipping the disease in the bud, but wasn't sure how to target them.

Now, in a study presented yesterday at the American Association of Cancer Research meeting, he put forth one possible method. All those clones start as a single cell. The faster it copies itself, the more likely it is to outcompete its normal counterparts. By determining which people have quicker clonal growth, Jaiswal found a gene that correlated with that trait — a compelling discovery, but still far from an actual therapeutic, STAT's Angus Chen reports



Closer Look

Opinion: Trend of closing rural labor and delivery services jeopardizes children's lives

More times than she cares to count, neonatologist Rachel Fleishman has had to tell parents that their infant is dying. It is the hardest part of her job, the outcome she and her colleagues are doing their utmost to avoid. "These babies, often born at the limits of viability, slipped beyond the grasp of modern neonatal intensive care interventions," she writes. But she fears it will become more frequent as access to perinatal health care becomes more restricted in post-Roe America.

One hospital in Idaho recently said it will shutter its labor and delivery services due to doctors' unwillingness to practice medicine in the face of the state's punitive laws surrounding reproductive health care — and CNN recently reported that 13 hospitals have announced similar closures, many of them in states where Medicaid programs are more bare bones. Read more about this concerning trend in Fleishman's First Opinion for STAT


microbiome

Gut microbiota may play a role in anorexia, study finds

The biology of anorexia is mysterious. Underneath the emotional torment are potential genetic risk factors, shifts in the endocrine system, and perturbations of signals in the brain. But some small studies have also pointed to the role that gut microbiota might play in the disorder — and new research published in Nature Microbiology explores that connection. 

By comparing stool samples from 77 women with anorexia to 70 age-matched counterparts without the condition, the team saw different profiles in the microbial communities present. When they seeded some of those microbes into mice whose digestive tracts were germ-free and put the rodents on a calorie-restricted diet, the researchers noted that the ones that got fecal transplants from people with anorexia lost more weight initially and gained it more slowly than the ones who'd gotten transplants from healthy volunteers. However, the usual caveats about small studies and extrapolating from mice to humans apply. 


research

New government research projects tackle cancer in firefighters and 'Gulf War Illness'

In the 1990s, veterans returned from the Gulf War with a mysterious set of symptoms that included fatigue, headache, cognitive issues, joint and muscle pain, poor sleep, and gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. This wasn't rare: It affected about a third of the 700,000 people who'd served. The similarity to fibromyalgia helped garner funding from the Department of Defense for research into that disorder — but causes and possible treatments of "Gulf War Illness," as it's known, remain elusive, decades later. 

Yesterday, the VA and NIH opened general enrollment for a study that hopes to unravel some of those mysteries. The CDC also announced a new national registry for firefighters, to better understand how exposure to smoke and chemicals might affect the risk of work-related cancer. 


More around STAT
Check out more exclusive coverage with a STAT+ subscription
Read premium in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis with all of our STAT+ articles.

What we're reading

  • Teen with life-threatening depression finally found hope. Then insurance cut her off, NPR
  • Most large U.S. funders of clinical research have poor transparency policies, analysis finds, STAT
  • The future of fertility, The New Yorker
  • Senator's bill would fine Texans for multiple environmental complaints that don't lead to enforcement, Texas Tribune
  • Q&A: What does it mean when a clinical trial is delayed? More than you think, STAT

Thanks for reading, more tomorrow! — Eric

Eric Boodman is a general assignment reporter at STAT, focused on narrative features. 


Enjoying Morning Rounds? Tell us about your experience
Continue reading the latest health & science news with the STAT app
Download on the App Store or get it on Google Play
STAT
STAT, 1 Exchange Place, Boston, MA
©2023, All Rights Reserved.

No comments