Breaking News

A 'brain decoder' inches toward mind reading, how Chicago hopes to close its 'death gap,' & language differences in labor

May 2, 2023
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. Are you ready for a GPT-1-enabled brain decoder to read your mind? It's not here yet and I'm not sure yet what to think about it, but I do love that experiments had to use compelling audio content, like the "Modern Love" podcast or "The Moth," to keep study subjects' rapt attention while in an fMRI scanner. 

science

AI 'brain decoder' inches closer than ever to reading minds, small study says

Imagine settling into an MRI scanner for two hours, not moving a muscle in that chilly, noisy tube but listening through soundproof earbuds to the "Modern Love" podcast. Outside the machine, the neuroscientists you supervise are inspecting data your brain is generating, trying to "hear" the podcast just by looking at your brain. That's what Alexander Huth did to test a new "brain decoder" enabled by GPT-1, an earlier version of the artificial neural network technology that underpins ChatGPT. His team reported in Nature Neuroscience yesterday how the tool was trained to give the gist of stories Huth and two other participants in the proof-of-concept experiment heard — just by looking at their fMRI scans.

No, it's not mind-reading, STAT's Brittany Trang tells us. That would be reductive, but combining a large language model with massive amounts of fMRI data allowed it to come close, even outputting descriptions of videos participants watched. Read more about what might come next.


environmental health

How the food industry plays whack-a-mole with PFAS

Compostable salad bowls seem like they should be both Earth-friendly and healthy, right? But the same toxic "forever chemicals" used in molded-fiber salad bowls, sandwich wrappers, and French fry pouches may be leaching into food despite efforts to make them safer, a study in Environmental Science and Technology concludes. Some formulations of PFAS have been swapped in food containers for polymeric PFAS, compounds thought to be more stable and less likely to get into food. But "you replace one chemical with another one, which is initially thought to be maybe better," study co-author Marta Venier said. "And then we realize: Oops! It was not any better."

It's another example of a troubling cycle in which manufacturers substitute one hazardous chemical for another, environmental health advocates told STAT's Brittany Trang. The study researchers found that PFAS in these food containers materials can volatilize, getting into the air and migrating into food. Read more, and make sure to watch a PFAS explainer from Brittany and STAT's Hyacinth Empinado.


Health

Study shows how language gaps play out for Latinas in labor

It's personal for Jessica Valdez, an OB-GYN resident physician at UCSF. She and colleagues conducted a study, published in BioMed Central Pregnancy and Childbirth in March, that concluded being a primarily Spanish-speaking woman makes you much more likely to experience discrimination during labor — but much less likely to feel pressured to get certain medical interventions. Valdez's mother, who immigrated from Mexico at age 17, had an emergency C-section for her brother's birth, followed by a surgical-site infection. 

The researchers found that Spanish-only speakers were significantly more likely to report language-based discrimination. Bilingual Spanish-English speakers reported experiencing some language-based discrimination, though less compared to monolingual Spanish-speakers. But primary Spanish speakers were much less likely to perceive clinicians pushing them to induce labor, administer an epidural, or get a C-section, and there was no significant link to verbal or physical mistreatment during labor — findings the researchers weren't expecting. STAT's Ambar Castillo asked why.



Closer Look

Wealth, not health: Closing Chicago's life expectancy divide didn't mean more clinics

A plot of land covered in snow next to a building.

Zoe Davis for STAT

There's a "death gap" in Chicago, which is how internal medicine physician David Ansell describes the 14-year difference in life expectancy between Black and white residents of the same city separated by only a few train stops and the hospitals where they go for care. He's worked on both sides of the divide, at the public Cook County Hospital and at the specialty care Rush University Medical Center. They're both in the same neighborhood, but his County patients had always been far sicker than his Rush patients, who seemed like they "had landed on another planet," one where they could miraculously live so much longer.

In medical school, he'd learned to treat heart disease and diabetes, STAT's Usha Lee McFarling writes. He hadn't learned how to treat inequality. So Ansell, now at Rush, turned to the community to learn its needs: income, not more clinics. "No one wanted more health care," Ansell said. Read more about the far-reaching anchor project devoted to wealth, not health.


health

One-third of Black Americans live far from heart specialists

The numbers all look concerning. About 1 in 3 Black Americans live in a county with little or no access to heart specialists, according to a new report from GoodRx. Almost three-quarters of counties with high Black populations lack cardiologists. Heart disease is the leading killer of all Americans, but the risk is 30% higher for Black than white people. And Black and Hispanic people already have less access to primary care doctors.

In these counties without heart specialists, there is a greater risk of heart disease, based on factors such as diabetes, obesity, smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. "We're missing a huge chunk of individuals who really need this care and are having to jump through massive hoops to access that care," said Tori Marsh of GoodRx. "When you have to jump through those hoops, you're likely not going to." STAT's Elaine Chen has more.


mental health

Anti-LGBTQ legislation takes a toll on queer youth, survey finds

As anti-LGBTQ legislation — and anti-trans legislation in particular — spread across the U.S., queer young people face restrictions starting with bathrooms and extending to gender-affirming surgery. That drumbeat of new policies — and news about it —  is damaging the mental health of LGBTQ youth, according to a new national survey from the Trevor Project, whose mission is to end suicide among LGBTQ young people. For example:

  • In the past year, 41% of LGBTQ youth seriously considered suicide, twice as high as other youths.
  • 48% of trans women, 56% of trans men, and 48% of nonbinary youth seriously considered suicide.  

"LGBTQ young people are not inherently prone to increased suicide risk because of their sexual orientation or their gender identity, but rather they are placed at higher risk because of the mistreatment and stigmatization that they experience in society," said Ronita Rath of the Trevor Project. STAT's Theresa Gaffney has more, including community centers dedicated to helping those who struggle. 


If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org. For TTY users: Use your preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.


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