Breaking News

New guidelines for breast cancer screening, a surprise about a weight-loss drug, & a better safety net to prevent suicide

May 10, 2023
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. Two things we're watching:
  • A WHO committee is meeting today to decide if the mpox outbreak still constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. New cases are low, but there's enough transmission to worry public health experts in U.S. cities such as Chicago and New York ahead of Pride gatherings next month.
  • Drugs ads on TV may be more than annoying. Today the advocacy group Knowledge Ecology International is repeating its call (first made in 2020) for the FDA to ban music from the mandatory sections where side effects and risks are mentioned, arguing the music undermines those warnings. 

cancer

New guidelines say breast cancer screening should begin at 40, not 50

The United States Preventive Services Task Force issued new guidelines yesterday recommending all women begin screening mammography at age 40, a decade earlier than previous guidelines, and continue these screenings every other year until age 74. The update comes as debate continues over when patients should begin breast cancer screening, how often they should do it, and if specific groups, such as Black women, ought to be screened differently. Some ask why the USPSTF is making a change now. Screening can save lives, but it can also lead to false positives, unnecessary biopsies, and diagnosis or treatment of cancers that paradoxically never needed intervention.

"There needs to be a compelling reason and in the materials here, I don't see a compelling reason yet," Ruth Etzioni of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center told STAT's Angus Chen. "When I looked back at the 2016 modeling studies, the harm-benefit analysis was very similar." Read more on how the decision was made.


pandemic

The future of the White House Covid response is up in the air

Nature abhors a vacuum, they say, but the White House not so much? Ashish Jha, the White House Covid-19 response coordinator, brushed off questions yesterday about what the Biden administration's new pandemic response office might look like at the end of the Covid-19 public health emergency, STAT's Rachel Cohrs reports. Congress mandated the new office, but there won't be a seamless handoff, Jha said. And he deflected questions about his own role. 

"Right now, I'm focused on getting us through the end of the PHE, and when I have more to announce about my future I will be happy to get that answered," he said. CDC and NIH — themselves going through leadership changeswould help handle any future Covid surges, Jha added. The public health emergency's end on Thursday coincides with the declining influence and funding of the White House Covid-19 response team. Read more.


in the lab

Small study links obesity drug to boost in immune cells that fight cancer

Caveats first, potential implications later: It's a very small study with much to learn about patients' real-life health outcomes outside a trial. Still, it's more than a little surprising to think that drugs based on semaglutide  — sold as Ozempic and Wegovy and increasingly popular — may go beyond just cutting weight and lowering blood sugar and be useful in fighting cancer.

Scientists know that people with obesity have deficiencies in their "natural killer" cells, immune cells that help combat cancer. In the study published yesterday in Obesity, researchers found that after 20 people with obesity took semaglutide, they had increased functioning in these NK cells. The change was independent of weight loss, the researchers said. Instead, they concluded, the immune cells' metabolism was restored after the patients took semaglutide, likely boosting the cells' ability to carry out their functions. STAT's Elaine Chen has more.



Closer Look

Opinion: There's a better safety net than the one being built for the Golden Gate Bridge

GettyImages-1246001369

Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images

A new "suicide deterrent net" being built for San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, where about 30 people try to end their lives each year, will likely cost $400 million. As tragic as those deaths are, only 2% of people who die by suicide choose to jump from heights while more than half of deaths by suicide involve a gun. It would make far more sense, psychiatric nurse Sherrie Page Guyer writes in a STAT First Opinion, to use that money to catch people long before they jump. 

The most common occupation of people who end their lives at the Golden Gate is student, followed by teacher. And 90% have a diagnosable mental health condition. "A school nurse in every school, trained to screen, assess, and assist in care coordination and delivery, would provide teachers, students, and families with a trusted professional right within arm's reach. You can't say that for a corrosion-resistant net." Read more.


If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org. For TTY users: Use your preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.

public health

Half of people in Chicago see gun violence by age 40

Even as mass shootings in the U.S. threaten to numb us by their sheer number, it's still shocking to read this study in JAMA Network Open on growing up with gun violence in Chicago. Two metrics: age when first shot and when first seeing someone get shot. Looking at multiple cohorts of more than 2,400 children starting in the mid-1990s, the researchers found that by age 40, 6.56% of participants had been shot and 50% had seen someone shot. 

The average age when first witnessing a shooting was 14 and for being shot was 17. Black and Hispanic people were more than twice as likely as white people to have been exposed, and males were five times more likely than females to experience gun violence by age 40. Shootings peaked in the 1990s but a companion editorial warns "the increase in firearm violence during the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to have long-term outcomes."


coronavirus

Experts say 'it's about time' for new approaches to long Covid 

It's probably impossible to overstate the impatience people with long Covid live with while waiting for answers, treatments, or just to be believed. The NIH launched its massive, multi-site RECOVER study over two years ago but so far has little to show for it, STAT's Rachel Cohrs has reported. A new NEJM perspective acknowledges the frustration patients and doctors feel about such a substantial effort being devoted to defining the problem, not solving it.

"We believe that over and above this research effort, the country needs additional structures that can provide the capacity for clinicians, patients, caregivers, advocacy groups, employers, and government officials to learn about, adapt, and implement interventions, therapeutics, and other best practices to combat long Covid," authors Janko Nikolich and Clifford Rosen, both of whom lead RECOVER studies, write. That means building on RECOVER sites to coordinate now-fragmented care, reduce health disparities, and address psychosocial needs. "Innovative approaches will be needed to care for patients with long Covid," they say. "It's about time."


In this week's episode of the "First Opinion Podcast," Alex Rosenblat talks to host and editor Torie Bosch about tracking down her medical information and the amorphous harm done by invasions of privacy. Listen here.


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What we're reading

  • Texas public records loophole lets cities keep suicide reports from families of dead soldiers, ProPublica
  • First UK baby with DNA from three people born after new IVF procedure, The Guardian
  • Gilead defeats federal government in closely watched battle over patents for HIV prevention pills, STAT
  • Opinion: Under-representation of women is alive and well in sport and exercise medicine: What it looks like and what we can do about it, BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
  • Opinion: Three misconceptions about the accelerated drug approval pathway, STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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