Breaking News

Years of life lost for Black Americans, depression hits new highs, & Pfizer's RSV vaccine looks effective

May 17, 2023
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer

Good morning. Today we bring you disheartening news about the rising tide of premature death in Black Americans as well as climbing rates of depression overall. In infectious disease, we have some good signs about an RSV vaccine and a reminder about dengue. 

We'll also be watching an increase in severe myocarditis in newborns and infants following enterovirus infections in Wales and Southwest England. As of April 20, three patients were hospitalized, four were cared for as outpatients, and two had died, the WHO reports. The viral infections aren't unusual, but myocarditis and severe outcomes are.

Health inequities

After some progress, the toll of premature Black deaths continues to rise

AP21151664672500John Locher/AP

Study after study has confirmed that health disparities cause Black Americans to die at younger ages than white Americans. A new analysis in JAMA measures just how large and horrific that toll of premature Black deaths has become. Compared to white Americans, Black Americans have suffered 1.63 million excess deaths and lost more than 80 million years of life. Health gaps had begun to narrow from 1999 and 2011, but that progress had sputtered by 2019.

Then Covid-19 came, disproportionately killing people who were Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Pacific Islander. There is no underlying biological mechanism to explain racial differences in life expectancy, the authors said, pointing instead to other factors linked to race, such as access to healthy food, stable housing, quality health care, and economic opportunity. "This should be a call to action for us as a nation," Marcella Nunez-Smith of Yale told STAT's Usha Lee McFarling. Read more.


infectious disease

Pfizer RSV vaccine shielded infants against severe disease, FDA analysis says

An experimental vaccine given during pregnancy can protect infants against severe RSV infection, the FDA said yesterday based on its analysis of data submitted by Pfizer for licensure. An expert panel will meet tomorrow to evaluate the evidence and then advise the agency on next steps for a vaccine intended to help infants, a group hard hit when infected with respiratory syncytial virus. The vaccine was also shown to be effective at preventing non-severe lower respiratory tract RSV disease that required medical attention 180 days after birth.

The FDA analysis did noted an imbalance between the number of preterm births in the vaccine arm of the trial compared to the placebo arm. It wasn't statistically significant and the preterm births were fewer than normal, but it may draw attention tomorrow. GSK dropped its vaccine candidate when a clinical trial showed a statistically significant imbalance in preterm births among those who received the vaccine. STAT's Helen Branswell has more


mental health

Survey finds soaring rates of depression

Depression is more widespread than a decade ago, rising by 10% to more than a quarter of Americans polled in a recent Gallup survey. Already a crisis in children as the behavioral health workforce struggles to meet demand, depression has grown more in some groups than others. More than 36% of women report ever being diagnosed with depression, compared to 20.4% of men. 

"The people that were hoping that the mental health crisis caused by Covid would stop when Covid stops will be disappointed," said Ken Duckworth of the National Alliance on Mental Illness. But there's a potential positive: Perhaps more people are reporting depression because stigma has declined. And they said they're seeking care. Nearly 19% of Hispanic people are being treated, up 5.8% from 2017. Treatment rose by 3.5% among white people and 3.6% among Black people during that time. STAT's Sarah Owermohle has more.



Closer Look

Finding a way to use digital biomarkers in clinical trials

Here's the hope: Digital biomarkers, defined as physiological or behavioral data captured by technologies like wrist-worn wearables, might one day speed treatments to market by accelerating clinical trials for drugs. That's still just a hope because digital biomarkers are time-consuming, expensive, and difficult to develop — just like the other rigorously validated measures drug companies use. 

For larger companies like Regeneron, it's not as simple as adding a digital biomarker-delivered endpoint into a trial already in progress. But Regeneron is deploying wearable sensors to measure physical activity in a post-market trial of Dupixent for adults with asthma. "If you have a better way to measure something by default, we should utilize it," Regeneron's Rinol Alaj said at a conference on digital biomarkers hosted by the company this month. "It's just a matter of creating awareness, showing case studies, and sharing with the industry." STAT's Mario Aguilar has more from the meeting.


in the lab

Molecular signatures of PTSD appear in the blood

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a syndrome that travels throughout the body and the mind, but tracking its reach into physical and psychological conditions has been challenging. A new study in Cell Reports Medicine finds clues in the blood of active-duty soldiers and veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan where they witnessed trauma. Their samples reveal molecules activated in inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, and impaired formation of new blood vessels. Scientists think they may be involved in scenarios as varied as wound healing, cardiovascular problems, and mental distress.

The analysis revealed alterations in which genes that were activated and which proteins and metabolites were circulating, changes that correlated with the severity and duration of symptoms in the 340 veterans (300 males and 40 females) and 180 soldiers (159 males and 21 females) they studied. "PTSD is coming to be seen as a systemic disorder rather than as a purely psychological illness," the authors write. 


public health

Tracking dengue in tropical U.S. territories, CDC urges vaccination where it's endemic

Dengue is one of the most common mosquito-transmitted viral diseases around the world, and cases are rising. It's endemic in some U.S. tropical territories: A CDC report tracking trends in American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands found more than 30,000 cases from 2010 through 2020, with cases highest in Puerto Rico but incidence highest in American Samoa.

Children and teens were disproportionately affected, but as STAT's Helen Branswell has reported, vaccination carries some risk. Giving the vaccine Dengvaxia is recommended for children 9 to 16 years old who have lab confirmation of previous dengue infection and live where dengue is endemic. That's because for those who haven't had dengue before, the vaccine raises the risk of severe dengue. "New dengue vaccines will likely expand the population groups eligible for vaccination and the impact of this intervention," the report concludes while recommending careful use of the current one.


In this week's episode of "First Opinion Podcast," Jennifer Lycette and host Torie Bosch discuss the potential for AI and ChatGPT in health care settings and what this technology could mean for patient and provider experiences in the future. Listen here.


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