Closer Look
Soon after childbirth, a rare condition appeared
Do you love a medical mystery? Especially one with a happy ending? STAT's Annalisa Merelli brings us a NEJM case study describing a woman who became seriously ill after giving birth to twins. She'd hemorrhaged during childbirth, so she'd received a blood transfusion. Twelve days after delivery, she had a high fever and was treated with antibiotics. No better, she was admitted to the hospital with falling levels of red and white blood cells as well as platelets, plus a full-body rash, mouth and vaginal sores, and severe diarrhea.
Tests ruled out infections and rheumatologic disease. What if her transfusion sparked graft-versus-host disease, her medical team asked. They were close. That condition is more common after bone marrow or stem-cell transplants, in which the donor's T cells attack the recipient's body. But tests revealed the source of third-party DNA wasn't the blood donor, but (spoiler alert) her twins. Read more for the solution and lessons learned.
in the lab
A genetic deletion in schizophrenia is linked to problems in mitochondria
It's no secret that schizophrenia is a heritable disorder, but its complex, multiple-gene nature has made it challenging to understand. More than a decade ago when she was a grad student, Jennifer Mulle was studying a region of chromosome 3, where, if a person has just one copy of DNA, their susceptibility to schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders soars. The rare 3q29 deletion is tied to at least a 40-fold increase in the risk of developing schizophrenia.
That makes it the strongest identified single genetic risk factor for the polygenic disease. Now at Rutgers, Mulle concludes in a new Science Advances paper that mitochondrial regulation is disrupted in brain cells with 3q29 deletion, but it doesn't give a mechanism for how the malfunctioning in the cell's powerhouse might lead to schizophrenia or other conditions. That's where the research is headed next. STAT's Isabella Cueto has more.
reproductive health
Adding anti-inflammatory med to morning-after pill improves effectiveness, study suggests
Given greater restriction in the U.S. on abortion, renewed attention is being paid to contraception, including morning-after pills. A new study in The Lancet shows how a common emergency contraceptive pill was more effective at preventing pregnancy when combined with an anti-inflammatory medication usually prescribed for arthritis pain. The randomized clinical trial studied 860 women at a Hong Kong clinic who requested emergency contraception within 72 hours after unprotected sex.
Half took the levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive pill with the NSAID piroxicam and half took the contraceptive pill with a placebo. After two weeks, one woman in the levonorgestrel-piroxicam group became pregnant while seven in the control group did, for an effectiveness rate of 95% for the two-pill regimen and 63% for levonorgestrel and placebo, based on an estimated pregnancy rate without contraception of 4.5%. The authors speculate that piroxicam may block the ovulatory process and also prevent embryo implantation.
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