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A new atlas of the brain, more cancer cell thievery, & a MacArthur 'genius' and impostor syndrome

October 13, 2023
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. Read on for an interview with Jason Buenrostro, Harvard professor and MacArthur "genius grant" winner, who shares the impostor syndrome he feels and sees all around him.

ad science

New atlas offers a cellular 'parts list' for the human brain — and keys to how it works 

Illustration of a brain maze.Adobe

Researchers who embarked on creating a new brain atlas compare it to the Human Genome Project. The ongoing undertaking is sweeping in its ambition and has already revealed a stunning diversity of cell types in the brain while promising discoveries in years to come that will improve our understanding of deadly neurological diseases. Recent finding were reported yesterday across 21 studies published in the journals Science, Science Advances, and Science Translational Medicine.

One example: Ed Lein's team from the Allen Institute in Seattle is already using the atlas to compare the brains of Alzheimer's patients in order to understand what cells are lost during the neurodegenerative disease — much as researchers today compare a person's genome to a reference sequence to identify mutations that could increase their risk for certain diseases. "It's completely working," Lein told STAT's Jonathan Wosen. "This is real. It's becoming an increasingly refined and useful reference." Read more.


in the lab

How — and why — cancer cells steal mitochondria

Cancer cells have yet another trick up their sleeves, a new study in Cancer Cell suggests in one more example of how cancer can overcome the body's immune defenses and, in theory, also weaken CAR-T therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this case, cancer cells grab mitochondria from cells, depriving cells of their energy source and using it to power themselves. Previous research has shown (literally, via electron microscopy imaging) cancer cells extending long tendrils to trap nearby T cells, draining mitochondria from them, and drawing them into the cancer cell.

The new research creates a sharper picture of how crucial this mechanism is for patients and cancer outcomes. In the study, the scientists also built a genetic signature to ID cancer cells engaged in this theft. "It gives us a starting point to start looking at how and why the mitochondria are getting hijacked," Shiladitya Sengupta, a cancer researcher not involved in this study, told STAT's Angus Chen. Read more.


infectious disease

A deeper look into a Maryland case of malaria 

A new report from the CDC and public health officials in Maryland underscores the difficulty of detecting and diagnosing rare malaria cases acquired in the U.S., STAT's Helen Branswell tells us. A person in Maryland with no history of travel outside the country contracted malaria this past summer. After a week of fever, muscle pain, and malaise, blood tests showed reduced red blood cells and platelets and other signs that could have been caused by malaria. But because the person had recently been bitten by a tick, the assumption was made the illness was babesiosis, from a tick-borne parasite found in parts of the country. The malaria diagnosis was arrived at only after additional lab testing in the state and at CDC.

It's unclear how the individual was infected. While eight cases of U.S.-acquired malaria were detected in Florida and Texas this year, those individuals lived near someone who contracted malaria out of the country, which could explain how local mosquitoes acquired and transmitted the parasite. The article suggested more awareness of and better testing for home-grown malaria will be needed to detect such cases in future.



Closer Look

Even now, a MacArthur 'genius' who studies gene regulation feels impostor syndrome

Jason BuenrostroCourtesy John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

He's a Harvard professor and the youngest MacArthur "genius" this year, but he still concedes he has impostor syndrome. Jason Buenrostro (above), 35, an associate professor of stem cell and regenerative biology, said it dates to growing up as a Latinx first-generation college student. "It even happens now — I'll walk into a room and be like, do I really deserve to be here? Especially when I am in a room with people who don't look like me," he told STAT's Anika Nayak. "A lot of people — faculty and staff at Harvard — feel the same way."

His MacArthur award honors his pioneering technique for studying how cells regulate gene expression, known as ATAC-seq. One application is studying how cancer cells grow. "ATAC-seq can be used to identify what genes are on and what genes are off in the cell. And by understanding why these genes may be on, we can think about how to intervene." Read the full interview.


health

Lung cancer incidence continues to be higher in women, study says

Five years ago, an American Cancer Society study showed the incidence of lung cancer was higher in women than men under age 50, a reversal of what had been a historical trend of higher incidence among men that wasn't solely explained by who did or didn't smoke. A new research letter in JAMA Oncology reports that while overall rates have continued to decline, they've fallen more among men than women. That means the burden of lung cancer is higher in women age 35 to 54 than in men.

The higher incidence rate now reaches middle-aged adults as younger women with a high risk of the disease enter older age. "Reasons for this shift are unclear because the prevalence and intensity of smoking are not higher in younger women compared with men except for a slightly elevated prevalence among those born in the 1960s," the authors write, encouraging lung cancer screening among eligible women.


Covid-19

Opinion: Yes, go get your Covid booster. All of you

Uptake of the latest updated Covid-19 vaccine has been far from universal. One reason could be confusion over who needs it, with some people wondering whether only those at high risk should get another vaccination. Writing in a STAT First Opinion, Jennifer Beam Dowd of University of Oxford argues that updated Covid shots make sense for all of us, given vaccination's individual and population-level benefits, especially when it's not obvious who's most vulnerable.

"There is no clearly defined group that has no risk of severe Covid, and it is not easy to know who is at highest risk," she writes, including older people who underestimate their risk because they're pretty healthy. She's also convinced by the likelihood that vaccination reduces the risk of long Covid and helps recovery for some. Then there's this calculus: "Fewer infections mean less transmission. Less transmission means fewer cases. Fewer cases means fewer serious cases and deaths. That's math." Read more.


Correction: In yesterday's newsletter I got it wrong when I said HDL was the "bad" form of cholesterol. As alert readers pointed out, it's LDL that we want to avoid.  


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