Breaking News

A historic HPV vaccine study, assessing LGBTQ+ people's cardiovascular risk, getting rid of Guinea worm disease

January 26, 2024
Annalisa-Merelli-avatar-teal
General Assignment Reporter

Buongiorno all. It's a foggy, rainy day here in New York. Tuna is making the most of it by napping all day. I, on the other hand, am finding some sunshine in the news! Starting with: a historic study coming out of Scotland, where the number of cervical cancers in women who had been fully vaccinated against HPV before 14 years of age was found to be… zero! Zilch. None.

ecancer

A historic HPV vaccine study out of Scotland

The number of cervical cancer cases among women vaccinated against HPV in Scotland before the age of 14 in the years since 2008 is: zero. None. It isn't every day that a study deliver such a neat, round number, and it was surprising to its own authors. "In that age group, I expected about 15 to 17 a year in Scotland — and we have had none," said Tim Palmer, a lead author of the study published this week in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 

The study is the first to monitor a whole cohort of vaccinated women over 15 years, and provides strong confirmation of the effectiveness of HPV vaccines as a preventive measure against cervical cancer. It also shows the importance of delivering vaccinations before girls become sexually active, and increasing the uptake in countries (such as the U.S.) where vaccination rates are far from Scotland's 90%. Read more.


in the lab

A genomic research juggernaut is in the making

The U.K.'s Wellcome Sanger Institute and South Africa's Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, two research centers that have been leading the research on SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus's evolution, are partnering up to track global emerging diseases. 

The two institutions enjoy high-profile international funding, including from the European Commision, the National Institutes of Health, and the World Bank. The plan is for them to collaborate in the design of sequencing tools and tests that can be deployed globally in case of an outbreak in order to understand whether what's causing it is a known patogen, a new strand, or something previously undetected. The primary goal is to act fast, combining efforts rather than duplicating them. 

"You need speed to find epidemics," Tulio de Oliveira, who leads CERI, told my colleague Andrew Joseph. Read more.


health equity

The case for tracking sexual orientation and gender identity data to assess cardiovascular risk

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Adobe

It's hard to study and understand what you don't measure. This is why a group of cardiologists wrote a paper in JAMA cardiology urging health systems to collect data about patients' sexual orientation and gender identity expression (SOGIE). This, they say, would help understand the unique health challenges of  LGBTQ+ people,  include them in clinical trials, and assess what health disparities impact their cardiovascular risk. 

Without SOGIE data, "there is no way for us to know what some of the risk factors are that are unique to the LGBTQ population. The fact that we don't know this information actually paralyzes us as not understanding the social determinants that play into cardiovascular health," Brototo Deb, a resident physician at Georgetown University and an author of the paper, told Theresa Gaffney. Read more in STAT's Q&A



policy

Paying hospitals more to address drug shortages

To try and address the ongoing generic drug shortage affecting the U.S., which includes some essential chemotherapy drugs, the Senate Finance Committee shared a few proposals in a paper released on Thursday. There is a unifying theme among many of them, writes John Wilkerson: Tie hospital compensation to the way they maintain drug supplies and whether they purchase from drugmakers that are actively addressing the shortages. 

Hospitals could receive Medicare bonuses, for instance, for having successful plans to avoid shortages; conversely, they would see pay cuts if they didn't perform well in terms of drug availability. This is all meant to address what experts see as a root cause of the shortages: The way Medicare pays hospitals and doctors contributes to forcing generic drugmakers to cut prices to a level that makes it hard to guarantee a steady supply. Read more.


Public health

Getting closer to eradicating Guinea worm disease

There were only 13 reported cases of Guinea worm disease in the world in 2023, the lowest number since the Carter Center began leading the eradication program in 1986. Back then, an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred every year in 21 African and Asian countries. 

Guinea worm disease is transmitted through water contamination, and only shows symptoms about a year after contagion, when painful blisters form on legs and feet. Upon bursting, the worm comes out of the skin, taking weeks to leave the body. 

Though human numbers are very small (there were 13 cases in 2022 as well, and 15 in 2021), infections in animals grew from 685 in 2022 to 713 in 2023. Though researchers attribute the increase to expanded surveillance in Angola and Cameroon, eliminating the disease in animals is necessary to achieve complete eradication. More here.


first opinion

A prescription against poverty

Pediatricians around the U.S. are having to deal with a stubborn condition: poverty. Parents who can't afford diapers, stable housing, or even clean clothes are increasingly more common, and children's health simply can't thrive when the most basic needs are not taken care of, writes Ben Hoffman, the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, in First Opinion

"Although I can't write my patients prescriptions to address poverty, Congress can take action right now and enact a proposal that can," he writes, urging representatives to pass a bipartisan proposal that would help the child tax credit reach more families, and could lift as many as 400,000 above the poverty line in a year. Read more.


More around STAT
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What we're reading

  • Zyn scrutiny from Sen. Chuck Schumer prompts an unlikely culture war, STAT
  • The cancer that doctors don't want to call cancer, The Wall Street Journal
  • Early detection of pancreatic cancer could get a boost from AI that identifies people at higher risk, STAT
  • Dana-Farber retractions: meet the blogger who spotted problems in dozens of cancer papers, Nature
  • A PBM in Africa flips the industry's script in a bid to make people healthier, STAT
  •  One year later: How CMS' rural pay model has helped hospitals, Modern Healthcare

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow — N


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