Breaking News

Could GLP-1 drugs be used to treat depression as well as obesity? 

January 30, 2024
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. If you think GLP-1 drugs are only for weight loss, buckle in. 

 mental health

Next up: GLP-1 for depression and bipolar disorder?Ozempic-dot-to-dot

Illustration: Christine Kao/STAT; Photos: Adobe

Obesity and mental health disorders have this in common: They have seemed intractable to treatments promising long-lasting benefits. New weight-loss drugs have changed the story for obesity, and if early data and anecdotes are confirmed, medications like Ozempic and Wegovy might become game changers for depression and bipolar disorder, too. Beyond improving mood in depression, initial reports suggest, the drugs might also fight declining cognitive and executive function that many people with mental health disorders experience, from worsening memory to losing the ability to focus and plan.

How, you might ask? Scientists are learning the drugs trigger reactions in the brain not just to suppress food cravings, but also to alter circuits that drive desire. There are ongoing trials of GLP-1 drugs in addiction and Alzheimer's, which share some similar biological mechanisms with psychiatric diseases. STAT's Elaine Chen has more on connecting the dots between metabolic and mental health.


the brain

Now-banned procedure transmitted Alzheimer's disease, study says 

Here's a stunner: A handful of patients who as children received transplanted growth hormone from the brains of human cadavers — a procedure now performed with a synthetic hormone — went on to develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease, despite no genetic predisposition. The treatment was later banned after the discovery that it could transfer bits of protein called prions, leading to the fatal brain disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

These patients, whose symptoms began in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, didn't necessarily have classic signs of Alzheimer's, but the researchers reported yesterday in Nature Medicine that the hormone transplant did seed the beta-amyloid protein — a hallmark of Alzheimer's — in some recipients' brains, later becoming disease-causing plaques. These cases don't mean that Alzheimer's is a contagious disease, the scientists emphasize, though it may be transmissible in this kind of exceedingly rare circumstances.  STAT's Andrew Joseph has more.


in the courts

Supreme Court sets dates to consider Covid misinformation and medication abortion 

The U.S. Supreme Court will weigh in on two high-profile health cases in March:

  • On March 26, it will hear arguments about access to the abortion medication mifepristone. In a way, the FDA will also be on the docket. The drug, involved in about half of all abortions in the U.S., was first approved in 2000; in the pandemic days of 2021, the Biden administration opened the door to mail-order prescriptions. An appeals court last year upheld the FDA's approval of the drug but struck down the mail-order provision. The current suit, brought in a Texas federal court by the Christian-based medical organization the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, challenges the agency's original approval and the changes for broader access. STAT's Sarah Owermohle has more.
  • Also in March, the court will consider the government's role in communicating — and sometimes censoring — pertinent public health information in a pandemic. At issue is whether the federal government's requests for social media and search giants Google, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and the like to moderate Covid-19 misinformation violated users' First Amendment rights. Plaintiffs Jay Bhattacharya and Martin Kulldorff, who co-authored the Great Barrington Declaration and advanced its theory that people could achieve herd immunity without vaccines, joined the original lawsuit. Sarah has more.


first opinion

ERs: 'Where the United States' social problems come home to roost'GettyImages-1291318663

Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images 

Emergency physician Uché Blackstock has seen firsthand how access to health care in the U.S. has long depended on a person's ability to pay, with patients of color making up a disproportionate number of the under- or uninsured. Since the middle of the 20th century, hospital emergency rooms have been where people without coverage could go. Even though hospitals might have no longer been segregated by race as of the 1960s, ERs were still where people of color would go for care.

In an excerpt from her book "Legacy," Blackstock traces the simultaneous transformation of emergency rooms "staffed by a motley crew of interns and residents" into a specialty after Black citizens in Cincinnati marched on the hospital in protest against the long waiting times and subpar treatment they were receiving there. She chose emergency medicine as her specialty, but writes that she "came to view it as the place where the United States' social problems come home to roost — just as they did in the 1960s." Read more.


health tech

Generative AI brings new threats to hospital security

Uh oh. The same AI tools — think ChatGPT — that can help hospitals by flagging crucial medical details and easing the burden of repetitive tasks can just as easily be harnessed by malicious hackers to exploit an industry known for outdated cyber protections, security experts say. And while health leaders tell STAT they're assessing risks, recruiting cybersecurity teams, and updating training materials to warn staff about increasingly sophisticated phishing and hacking attempts, regulators and cyber companies are urging hospitals to upgrade their security to prepare.

"The risks keep growing, and we don't necessarily have a way to combat them," said Samantha Jacques, a medical device cybersecurity expert at McLaren Health Care, a Michigan health system, and a member of the cyber committee within the Health Sector Coordinating Council, an industry group tasked by the federal government to coordinate threat response. Mohana Ravindranath has more on mounting cyber threats.


health

A clue to SIDS in a baby's brainstem

Sudden unexpected infant death and sudden infant death syndrome both lack an obvious explanation. Recently STAT's Eric Boodman told us about a study linking seizures to unexplained toddlers' deaths, based on heartbreaking video from baby monitors. New research published yesterday in JAMA Neurology names brainstem encephalitis as another potential cause. A viral infection was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing 1 of 6 infants who had signs of neuroinflammation, in a cohort study of 71 SIDS cases. The researchers think that an infection in the brainstem could have led to the 11-day-old baby's death by interfering with autonomic functions, interrupting her breathing. 

The virus in question is known to cause mild respiratory and GI infections, but sometimes it reaches the brain or the heart. A companion editorial notes how often caretakers feel extreme guilt and blame for how their babies were placed when sleeping, and while the study can't rule out sleep position, the authors urge more studies of neuroinflammation and sequencing of pathogens.


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What we're reading

  • Perspective: My dad was ill. Could he survive the prison health-care system? Washington Post
  • The odds are 1 in 30,000. You never think it can happen to your kid. Until it does, Slate
  • Exclusive: Ultima Genomics launching high-end DNA sequencers that can read genome for $100, STAT
  •  Opinion: I'm an anesthesiologist. Kenneth Smith's execution by nitrogen gas was far from 'textbook,' STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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