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AI can speed up drug discovery, but don’t expect it to cure cancer (yet)

February 7, 2024
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. Here we are, midweek, with a look at AI in drug discovery, vaccine misinformation, and adolescent mental health. 

health tech

How pharma is using AI to develop new drugsSTAT_AI_proteinmapping_f2_2000x1125

Mike Reddy for STAT

Are we there yet? The future, that is, the one where biotech and big tech work together to improve on drug development's current, meager 1-in-10 success rate. David Reese of Amgen says we're close, now that his company and others are not just enlisting AI in the cause, but also embedding it throughout the drug discovery process. They can do that because of recent gains in the field, he and other experts told STAT's Casey Ross. 

Here's what AI can do: describe the contours of proteins that play a role in disease, comb vast chemical libraries for promising compounds, and improve the design and pace of clinical trials. That's still a long way from curing cancer or Alzheimer's. Meanwhile, "our goal is to prove that AI should become the foundation of medicine going forward, not just a little bit you sprinkle on top," said Charles Fisher of QurAlis. Read more about the many steps to get there.


health

Largest-ever survey of trans people finds half report mistreatment in health care

Nearly all trans people who receive hormone treatment (98%) or gender-affirming surgery (97%) report that the care made them more satisfied with their lives, according to a U.S. survey of more than 92,000 trans people conducted in late 2022 by the National Center for Transgender Equality, STAT's Theresa Gaffney tells us. 

NCTE will release more detailed reports through 2024 and 2025 based on the results, focused on teens ages 16 to 18, people of color, responses broken down by state, and more. Highlights from the initial NCTE report:

  • A quarter of respondents said they didn't see a doctor when they needed to in the past year due to fear of mistreatment.
  • A quarter didn't see a doctor in the past year due to costs.
  • Almost half of those who did see a health care provider in the past year reported having at least one negative experience, such as being misgendered, being refused care, or having a provider who was verbally or physically rough or abusive.
  • A quarter of respondents had at least one issue with their health insurance over the past year, such as being denied coverage for gender-affirming care like hormones or surgery, or being denied coverage of routine care because they are transgender.
To improve access to health care, widespread policy interventions are needed, including teaching cultural competence to physicians and all clinic staff, said Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen, NCTE's executive director. As state legislatures continue to consider bills restricting health care access for trans youth and in some cases adults as well, it's critical for health care associations and professional organizations to speak out in support of gender-affirming care, he said. "Those decisions should not be made by the government," he said. "That should be between patients and doctors."

public health

More than 300 vaccine misinformation narratives circulating online, data show

Here's an update on the vaccine misinformation stories found by NewsGuard, a group of journalists and information specialists who have tracked false narratives spreading online since 2018. Today, in Covid's fifth year, they report there are more than 300 vaccine-related false narratives circulating on social media and in online search results, emanating from 4,387 news sites and other sources.

While two-thirds of the sites NewsGuard deems untrustworthy deliver misinformation on health care, mistrust in vaccines predates the pandemic. "Research continues to show that vaccine disinformation and misinformation have a significant death toll," said Steven Brill, co-CEO of NewsGuard. You can find more here.



hospitals

Medicare threatens to pull funding from HCA's embattled Mission HospitalMission_health0408-1600x900

Mike Belleme for STAT 

After a Medicare inspection revealed that patient safety is in "immediate jeopardy," the agency has threatened to stop paying a North Carolina hospital for services provided to seniors. Mission Hospital in Asheville has a few weeks to repair problems that resulted in Medicare's most severe designation. "It's a death threat," said Michael Millenson, a national patient safety expert and president of the consultancy Health Quality Advisors, because Medicare could account for one-third of hospital revenue.

Medicare's warning and the findings that led to it, first reported by local news outlet the Asheville Watchdog, follow a 2023 STAT investigation by Tara Bannow that detailed problems at Mission and other HCA-owned hospitals. Current and former clinicians told STAT last fall their colleagues have left in droves since HCA bought six-hospital Mission Health in 2019. In December, North Carolina's attorney general sued HCA for failing to provide the emergency and cancer care it had promised to keep intact. Tara has more.


mental health

Gun-violence exposure tied to suicide in Black adults 

Black people are exposed to disproportionately more gun violence than white people. Suicide rates are rising among Black people. A new study in JAMA Network Open connects those two trends. For their analysis, the researchers surveyed just over 3,000 Black adults last year, asking if they'd ever been shot, threatened with a gun, knew someone who had been shot, or witnessed or heard about a shooting. More than half were exposed to at least one form of gun violence, and 12% to three types. 

Suicidal thoughts and gun exposure lined up this way:

  • Being threatened or knowing someone who'd been shot was associated with lifetime suicidal ideation. 
  • Being shot was associated with planning a suicide. 
  • Being threatened or knowing someone who'd been shot was associated with lifetime suicide attempts 

"The disproportionate burden of [gun violence exposure] borne by Black communities and exacerbated by numerous structural inequities may represent an even more substantial injustice than previously understood," the authors conclude.


If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org. For TTY users: Use your preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.


adolescent health

1 in 5 adolescents report mental health problemsshare-of-adolescents-reporting-symptoms-of-anxiety-or-depression-in-the-past-two-weeks-by-sex-and-sexual-identity

About 1 in 5 young people say they are feeling anxiety or depression, a KFF analysis based on a new federal survey of teen health says. Released yesterday, the responses from adolescents 12 to 17 years old show some differences: Females were more than twice as likely as males to report anxiety and depression, and among LGBT+ adolescents, 43% said they had symptoms of anxiety and 37% said they felt symptoms of depression.

In other alarming trends, overdose deaths more than doubled from 253 in 2018 to 722 in 2022, likely caused by the synthetic opioid fentanyl entering the illicit drug supply. Other negative experiences noted in the survey: bullying (34%), emotional abuse by a parent (17%), and neighborhood violence (15%). Some adolescents are receiving mental health services, but some aren't, blocked by cost, fear of stigma, or not know how to get help.

share-of-adolescents-who-did-not-receive-needed-mental-health-therapy-or-counseling-in-the-past-year

 


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Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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