Breaking News

GLP-1 drugmakers turn to MASH, more young women are getting antidepressants than pre-pandemic, and a new multi-allergy medication for the peanut-averse

February 26, 2024
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Reporter & Podcast Producer

Happy Monday, pals! We've got the news for you, with two items from Morning Rounds guest stars Helen Branswell and Isa Cueto.

Obesity revolution

Obesity drugs are making cash, and now they're taking on MASH

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Adobe

Drugmakers are still speeding, sprinting, racing — any verb you can think of — to join the obesity drug market ignited by the approval of Wegovy and Zepbound. And they aren't just competing on their products' weight loss effects, but now on their ability to treat a severe form of liver disease: MASH.

A new update of the STAT Obesity Drug Tracker shows that at least 23 obesity drugs —  about one-fifth of all treatments in development or on the market — are also being investigated for the fatty liver disease metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, née NASH).  When people have obesity, many develop fatty liver disease, which can then progress into MASH, which is more severe. With the advent of GLP-1 drugs, researchers are looking at the potential to treat obesity as a way of addressing the disease. Read more from STAT's Elaine Chen about the updates.


public health

New WHO recommendations for next year's flu vaccine

I know we're not quite out of this flu season yet, but we've got a dispatch on next season from STAT's Helen Branswell: People in the Northern Hemisphere will be getting the same flu shot next winter that people in the Southern Hemisphere are getting to prepare for their upcoming flu season. The World Health Organization issued recommendations Friday on which flu viruses the 2024-2025 vaccine should target following a weeklong meeting of influenza experts. Their advice that none of the strains in the vaccine need updating suggests there's been no significant changes in the circulating viruses.

In fact, two of the three components — the ones targeting influenza A H1N1 and the flu B/Victoria lineage — were also in the flu vaccine used this winter. The flu B component has been in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere shots dating back to the 2022 winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Food and Drug Administration's vaccine advisory committee will meet March 5 to formalize the formulation for 2024-2025 for the U.S., at which point we should learn if all manufacturers selling into this market will be shifting production from the quadrivalent vaccines that have been made for the last decade or so to trivalent, or three-in-one, vaccines.


first opinion

How a new method of state executions could fundamentally alter physician licensing

After the recent nitrogen gas execution in Alabama of Kenneth Smith, state Attorney General Steve Marshall said that nitrogen gas "was intended to be — and has now proved to be — an effective and humane method of execution." But it took half an hour for Smith to die, and witnesses described him thrashing, seizing, dry heaving, and more. "It is hard to imagine a statement so obviously disconnected from facts," writes physician Joel Zivot in a new First Opinion. 

Now, multiple states want to add this type of death as a method of execution, but Louisiana's bill to do so goes one step further, saying that a physician does not need to be present at an execution, as is required in some states. And if one is, their identity is forever protected from anyone, including a medical board. "Physician practice freed from license-regulated bioethical oversight combined with the protection of secrecy allows a doctor to turn healing into killing, simply at the state's request, consequence free," Zivot writes.

Zivot has written for STAT about executions before, and he appeared on the First Opinion Podcast in its first season to discuss the dangers of "curating" death. Read more in his latest, and, insider scoop alert, keep an ear out later this spring for a potential podcast discussion.



closer look

Cyberattack on UnitedHealth cripples pharmacies and hospitals processing health insurance claimsAdobeStock_430724153_Editorial_Use_Only

Adobe

Hospitals, pharmacies, and other health care providers are stuck in an insurance processing logjam after UnitedHealth Group disclosed a cyberattack within a recently acquired subsidiary that serves as a central hub for payments across the industry. The severity of the attack started to become more apparent last Thursday after UnitedHealth disclosed a "suspected nation-state" is behind the cyberattack, which began on Wednesday. 

The disruptions in care from the system outage could result in "massively lost revenue," avoidable expenses, and raised costs in the short term, said Tyler Haberle, associate chief health information officer at Intermountain Health. "This will have ripples for months, more than likely," one hospital executive said. Read more on the fallout from STAT's business reporting dream team of Bob Herman, Brittany Trang, and Tara Bannow.


research

Peanut-allergic kiddos get more than peanuts from biopharma

Last week, the FDA approved expanded use of Genentech's asthma drug, omalizumab, for use in people with food allergies. And a new, Phase 3 study of the drug published yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine shows just how well it works, STAT's Isabella Cueto tells us. Researchers injected 177 children who had allergies to peanuts and at least two other foods with placebo or omalizumab. In the group that received the drug — a monoclonal antibody that binds to the IgE that triggers allergies — 67% were able to eat at least 600 mg of peanut protein without issue, compared to 7% of the group receiving placebo. The study also found improvement in the participants' ability to tolerate about 1000 mg of cashew, milk, and egg. "This amount of food protein is larger than a whole nut, a bite of a baked good, or a sip of milk," the study authors write.

The medication, sold under the brand name Xolair, is the first OK'd to help people accidentally exposed to food allergens. That could be good news for the 6% of adults and children who have a food allergy, according to CDC data. Some evidence suggests food allergies are becoming more prevalent, with tens of thousands of Americans going to emergency rooms each year due to allergic reactions to food.


mental health

Prescriptions to girls and young women drove an increase in youth antidepressant use 

There's a mental health crisis among youth in America. We know this. But a new study found a trend in how we have dealt with it: The rate at which antidepressants are dispensed to adolescents and young adults — especially young women — has been gradually rising for years, but it sharply increased after the Covid-19 pandemic began.

The overall number of antidepressants dispensed to young people every month went up 64% after March 2020, according to research published today in Pediatrics, the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. That was mostly driven by young women: For girls ages 12-17, dispensation went up by almost 130%, while boys in the same age group actually saw a decrease in monthly dispensation. To calculate this, researchers analyzed national pharmacy data from 2016-2022 for people ages 12-25. 

The researchers posed a few potential reasons for the rate increases: it could simply be that need increased; delays or limited access to other care such as therapy might have made medication more practical; and telehealth could have increased access to prescribing clinicians.  As for the difference between sexes, it's not that boys were necessarily less depressed than before the pandemic. Likely, the decrease is due to boys receiving care less often after the pandemic began, the authors wrote. As always, more research is needed.


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What we're reading

  • Alabama embryo ruling may have devastating effect on cancer patients, Washington Post
  • Oregon suspends a portion of its drug transparency law found to be unconstitutional, STAT
  • Why health care has become a top target for cybercriminals, Seattle Times
  • What readers think about octogenarian presidents, STAT
  • One of the last abortion doctors in Indiana, New Yorker

Thanks for reading! Until tomorrow — Theresa


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