Breaking News

Good news on Ebola vaccine, a clue to South Asians' heart risks, & and fallout from that Pfizer ad

February 13, 2024
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer

Good morning. Yesterday my colleague Theresa Gaffney asked you what you thought about Super Bowl ads from pharma companies. Let's just say none of you were fans of the ads or their $7 million estimated price tags. Annalisa Merelli takes a closer look at Pfizer's.

infectious disease

Ebola vaccine cuts deaths even in people already infected before their shotservebo

Junior D. Kannah/AFP/Getty Images

"Against all odds," the headline begins on a January 2020 story by STAT's Helen Branswell describing how scientists on three continents together created and produced an Ebola vaccine. Now a new Lancet Infectious Diseases paper reports another marvel: People vaccinated against Ebola who still developed the disease had a much lower risk of dying than unvaccinated people, even if they were already infected with the virus when they got the shots. So in addition to preventing infections, the vaccine can save some people who are already sick with the often fatal disease.

Among people who had been vaccinated with a single dose of Merck's Ervebo before developing symptoms — for some only a day or two before becoming ill — the case fatality was 27%, compared to 56% among people who were unvaccinated. "We know now that vaccination is better late than never. So this is one more reason to use the Ebola vaccine," study co-author Rebecca Coulborn said. Helen explains what this could mean. 


chronic disease

Why do South Asians have a higher risk of heart disease?

South Asians face double the heart disease risk as people of European descent, research has found, including more complications at younger ages. South Asian people are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, a risk factor for heart disease, but even then, they appear to more frequently develop heart disease than white people with diabetes. A small new study yesterday in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests the cause may be differences in how blood vessels damaged by cardiovascular problems are repaired. 

Comparing 60 people of South Asian descent to 60 people of white European descent, researchers discovered that South Asian people had lower levels of stem cells needed for regenerating blood vessels. If larger studies confirm this difference, they could inform treatments that can help repair blood vessels. STAT's Elaine Chen has more, including a potential role for the diabetes drug Jardiance and for semaglutide, the active ingredient in the popular diabetes and obesity drugs Ozempic and Wegovy.


public health

Maternal syphilis rates in U.S. tripled between 2016-2022
Screenshot 2024-02-12 at 2.53.14 PM

National Center or Health Statistics, CDC

Almost wherever you look, maternal syphilis rates have soared in the U.S., a new CDC analysis says, more than tripling from 2016 to 2022. They rose among all race and Hispanic-origin groups, although they increased the most among American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic mothers. They rose among all ages (the most under age 20) and categories of prenatal care, and in 47 of 50 states plus Washington, D.C. (The blips in Wyoming, Vermont, and Maine were not statistically significant.)

Last week, the CDC reported a 9% increase of syphilis cases in 2022 among all U.S. adults, but drills down in today's news. Congenital syphilis can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal and neonatal death, low birth weight, preterm birth, and brain and nerve disorders. As the chart above illustrates, the syphilis rate was highest for those who got no prenatal care and decreased the sooner prenatal care was started.



closer look

Pfizer's Super Bowl ad: Was it a win or a fumble for science?charles pfizer

Screen capture 

What was Pfizer's goal with its Super Bowl commercial honoring the history of science? If you missed it, here's the ad featuring animated portraits (including Charles Pfizer, above), illustrations, photographs, and statues of such scientific luminaries as Newton, Hippocrates, Einstein, Rosalind Franklin, Marie Maynard Daly, and Katalin Karikó singing an anthem of medicine's progress to the tune of Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now." The finale unveiled LetsOutdoCancer.com, and the brand's new tagline, "Outdo Yesterday." 

So while the company signaled its new investment in cancer, it didn't mention its recent success with its Covid vaccine. Pradeep Chintagunta, a professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business who specializes in pharmaceutical marketing, has an idea why: "The Super Bowl has a very broad viewership. Many of these folks probably don't believe in vaccines," he told STAT's Annalisa Merelli. "By essentially avoiding that mention, they basically kept away from being associated with it, which could have had some potential negative fallout." Read more.


health

Plant-based diet linked to better sexual health in men with prostate cancer

Treatment for prostate cancer can come with costs along with hopes for a cure. After surgery, radiation, or other therapies, men often report erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and hormonal problems such as low energy, depression, and hot flashes. A new paper in Cancer draws a link between eating a plant-based diet and reduced side effects. The study, which divided 3,505 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer into five groups, found that those who ate the most plants scored 8% to 11% better in measures of sexual function compared with the group that consumed the least. 

Those who adhered most closely to a diet low in meat and dairy (all the men ate at least some animal protein) but high in fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts also had 14% better scores in urinary health and 13% better in hormonal health compared to those least aligned with the plant-based diet. Caveat: Most of the study participants were white health professionals, so results might not apply to other groups.


insurance

41% of Americans have some form of medical debt

Screenshot 2024-02-12 at 4.18.54 PM

Medical debt is not going away in the U.S., a new KFF analysis of national survey data reports, including among people who are covered by health insurance. In 2021, nearly a quarter of adults had at least one unpaid or past-due bill from a medical service provider. In 2022, KFF's Health Care Debt Survey found the same: 24% of adults said they had past-due medical or dental bills or bills that they could not pay. All told, 41% had health care debt in some form, including on credit cards or indebtedness to family members.

Medical debt is more common among people who have low incomes, don't have insurance, or can't work because of their health, but people with more financial means are not immune, the report says. And while the most common response may be to delay getting needed medical care, the effects of medical debt extend to financial health, too.


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What we're reading

  • U.S. schools are sending more kids to psychiatrists out of fears of violence. Clinicians are concerned, The Guardian

  • Opinion: A California court is setting a dangerous precedent over drug development (or lack thereof) liability, STAT
  • Uterine cancer was easy to treat. Now it's killing more women than ever, Wall Street Journal

  • Gilead to acquire CymaBay for $4.3 billion, adding new treatment for liver disease, STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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