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The War on Recovery: How Switzerland defused its opioid crisis

March 26, 2024
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. Hot news tip: Adam's Biotech Scorecard, a new subscriber-only newsletter from Adam Feuerstein, debuts Thursday. His weekly analysis will bring updates and perspectives on biotech, finance, and the people driving them. Here's his invitation: "You're going to read exclusive takes from me on the hits and misses that make the biotech sector so gripping. This newsletter is going to be informative and spicy. I promise." And here's how to get it.

stat investigation

How the 'Swiss model' helped defeat a drug crisismethadone_2295

Djamila Grossman for STAT

At a leading Swiss addiction clinic in Zurich, all patients who need addiction care gain instant access to weeks' worth of medication. They are not required to participate in counseling, or subjected to drug tests, or punished if they relapse and use any kind of illicit substances. American methadone clinics would say that approach leads to disaster. European experts disagree, saying that's the continent's key to success. They have a point in Switzerland, where the opioid death rate is now roughly one-twentieth the U.S. rate.

In a dozen other wealthy, developed nations where methadone is far more accessible than in the U.S., public health outcomes are far better, with lower rates of opioid overdose, infectious disease transmission, and death. 

American doctors, lawmakers, and public health officials are beginning to speak out for liberalizing access to methadone as the best tool available to address the crisis. Those who take it are 59% less likely to die of opioid overdose. But American methadone clinics counter that argument, saying that the current restrictions are necessary safety precautions.

That doesn't go over in Europe. "There's just no evidence for it," said Philip Bruggmann, a Swiss doctor and medical director of the Arud Centre for Addiction Medicine, told STAT's Lev Facher. "It really helps people to reintegrate, to stabilize, and I'm not aware of a single case of a person who became opioid-dependent because of this treatment. If you leave it to the black market, people disappear and you can't reach them, and I think the risk is much bigger."

Read more in part 4 of the War on Recovery.


health inequity

Acceptance rates by transplant teams for donated hearts varied by race and gender, study finds

Researcher Khadijah Breathett calls the JAMA findings "really bizarre." While access to donor hearts has improved in recent years, disparities persist in who gets a heart transplant. Breathett, an advanced heart failure transplant cardiologist at Indiana University Health, led a team that discovered both white and Black women were more likely to have an offered heart accepted by their transplant team, but Black men had the longest wait as transplant centers repeatedly rejected offers. 

The number of matched offers until an accepted offer was much lower for women, especially white women, and greatest for Black men. For every offer made, the odds were significantly lower for Black individuals than white individuals that one would be accepted. Breathett suspects bias, but in a companion editorial, Paul Heidenreich writes, "I don't think we've proven that African Americans are getting worse care … But we do see concerning disparities." STAT's Deborah Balthazar has more.


reproductive health

Medical abortions rose sharply post-Dobbs

The number of abortions using medications soared after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, a new JAMA study reported yesterday, findings that come as arguments begin today in the high court on a challenge to the abortion drug mifepristone. Almost 28,000 doses of the drugs were dispensed in the six months after the Dobbs decision, the study determined, more than four times the average monthly number before Roe was overturned. 

The study identified 15 sources outside traditional medical care that distributed abortion pills. Some arrived from clinics overseas, others from "companion networks" in Mexico, as STAT's Olivia Goldhill has reported. "Self-managed medication abortion will likely remain a significant contributor to abortion access in the post-Roe U.S.," the authors write. "Clinicians will need to be prepared to encounter patients who may be considering self-managed medication abortion or who need or want to connect with the formal health care setting for postabortion care."



 

chronic disease

Drug for deadly lung disorder may be approved todayAdobeStock_421143532_Editorial_Use_Only

Adobe

For people with a rare and deadly lung disorder called pulmonary arterial hypertension, treatment has meant measures to relax their blood vessels so  it's easier for their hearts to pump blood into their lungs. Now the FDA is expected to approve a new drug from Merck that more directly targets the illness by blocking proteins known as activins that are involved in the growth of cells within the blood vessels.

Today's decision follows a large trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine last year showing that the drug, called sotatercept, exceeded expectations in significantly increasing the distance that patients could walk and cutting their risk of death, worsening disease, and needing new treatments. The drug, given by injection every three weeks, does have a risk of bleeding so might be best suited at first for people at highest risk while longer-term data come in. STAT's Elaine Chen has more.


environmental health

Another form of pollution is tied to stroke risk: outdoor light at night

We know people exposed to air pollution may be more susceptible to strokes because the particulate matter they breathe in can lead to blood vessel inflammation. Outdoor light pollution at night is also suspected in stroke risk because it may interfere with melatonin production and the sound sleep it induces. A new study in the journal Stroke followed 28,000 people in China who lived in a large industrial city whose light exposure was tracked by satellite imaging. Researchers found greater stroke risk with each kind of pollution acting independently of the other.

After six years of follow up, 1,278 of the study participants had suffered strokes. People with the highest exposure to light at night had a 43% greater risk of stroke, while people who had the highest exposure to air pollution also had a greater risk of stroke, from burning fuel (41%), dust and smoke (50%), and vehicle exhaust (31%). Those who had strokes tended to have lower income, as well as greater exposure to both air and light pollution. Outdoor light at night may be an emerging risk factor for stroke, the authors conclude. 


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What we're reading

  • Medical crisis in Gaza hospitals at 'unimaginable' level, aid agencies say, The Guardian

  • A lawyer abandoned family and career to follow the voices in his head, Wall Street Journal

  • Novo Nordisk to acquire heart disease-focused Cardior Pharmaceuticals in deal worth $1.1 billion, STAT
  • Opinion: Eliminate the waiting period for sterilization covered by Medicaid, STAT

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