Breaking News

Bird flu questions, AI advances, & when DEI is personal

April 3, 2024
Reporter, Morning Rounds Writer
Good morning. One of the joys of writing this newsletter is choosing topics across health and science that we cover at STAT. Some days these realms cluster, reflecting our times (pandemic, right?). Today it's AI claiming center stage, called on to improve clinical trial participation in one case and heart-failure detection in another. But first, bird flu.

infectious disease

Here's what we know about bird flu in cowsAP630933525501

Darko Vojinovic/AP

Were you shocked to hear that at least one person in Texas has been infected with H5N1 bird flu, apparently from sick cows? Scientists who study flu were taken aback, too, at first. STAT's Helen Branswell asked them what think now.

Is this a surprise?

"It could have been infecting dairy cattle a year ago. We just never thought about looking," said David Swayne, an avian influenza expert who worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture for nearly 30 years.

Is there a risk to people from the milk produced by infected cows?

Yes, in theory. In practice, though, it shouldn't be an issue.

Why are pigs more of a concern than cows?

Pigs are traditionally referred to as "mixing bowls" because they can be infected with bird flu viruses and the flu viruses that infect people, Helen reminds us. The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic was caused by a virus that jumped from pigs to people. 

Read more questions and answers.


health tech

Enlisting AI to recruit clinical trial participants

It's a familiar and sobering statistic: 9 out of 10 drug candidates fail once they're tested on clinical trial volunteers. Turning to artificial intelligence to improve those odds holds appeal, although AI has been more typically deployed to identify disease targets or deliver insights helpful in preclinical experiments. But now, STAT's Allison DeAngelis tells us, pharma is moving closer to AI models in human trials. 

Startups are marshaling data from past clinical trials, genomic data banks, hospital systems, and other sources to train algorithms to pinpoint which people are more likely to respond to a treatment or even create surrogate trial participants known as digital twins. Its allure is particularly strong in oncology. "Why enforce our own limited understanding of biology and our own biases, when we can just let a deep learning model learn independently how these features are correlated with survival?" Felix Baldauf-Lenschen of Altis Labs told Allison. Read more on other ventures and caveats.


medical devices

AI-powered stethoscope to spot heart failure wins nod

A digital stethoscope with an AI algorithm to find heart failure has secured FDA clearance, a step its developers believe will help diagnose a condition that's difficult to detect. Almost 6.5 million Americans have heart failure that keeps their hearts from pumping blood properly. The illness can usually be seen via ultrasound on an echocardiogram, but that test is expensive. Catching the condition early and simply in a primary care visit, with a handheld electrocardiogram on a smart stethoscope that picks up heart signals, could help. 

That makes the need urgent, but there are reasons to be cautious. FDA clearance is not as rigorous as approval and the data from the health system that tested it are early and limited, in part because the patients who were tested were at higher risk than most people. The digital stethoscope, created by the startup Eko Health in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic, costs about $430 and hospitals can subscribe to the AI algorithms. STAT's Lizzy Lawrence has more.



closer look

A medical student sees diversity's promise, and how far away the reality isAdobeStock_552297955

Adobe 

Health care is hardly immune from the backlash against efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion, whether it's legislation in Florida or litigation in California, medical student David Velasquez notes at the beginning of his STAT First Opinion. He cites chilling statistics on stubbornly poor health outcomes for Black people compared to white people. And he shares an encounter with a patient whose language he spoke, a familiarity that led a surgeon to believe he was her family member, not his colleague.

"Within the space of an hour, I saw the promise of diversity, equity, and inclusion, a powerful connection that transcends barriers erected by the meeting of two strangers, and then I saw the critical gaps it has yet to fill: a diverse workforce with the ability to understand unconscious biases and navigate differences between individuals," he writes. "I saw just how much diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts are necessary for patients like Laura and clinicians like myself." Read more.


health equity

1 in 3 LGBT people cites poor treatment in health care


Screenshot 2024-04-02 at 12.55.58 PM


One-third of LGBT adults say they were treated unfairly or with disrespect by a health care provider over the last three years, a new KFF survey tells us, a level more than twice as high as people who don't identify as LGBT. The rates of such negative experiences among Black and Hispanic LGBT adults were higher than among white LGBT adults. As a result, many survey respondents said they were less likely to seek care (39%), more likely to find a new provider (36%), or say their health deteriorated (24%).

Asked about their mental health, 39% of LGBT adults say it was "fair" or "poor," with rates higher among younger LGBT adults. Overall, about half report feeling anxious either "always" or "often" in the past year; a third felt lonely or depressed at least "often," about double what non-LGBT adults say.


cancer

When is too old for a follow-up colonoscopy?

Much of the attention paid recently to colorectal cancer has focused on the alarming rise in rates among younger people, prompting recommendations to start screening at an earlier age. A new study in JAMA Network Open looked at the other end of the age spectrum, asking when surveillance colonoscopies — tests for cancer after precursors known as adenomas or neoplasias were found — can end. 

In their cross-sectional study, the researchers analyzed records from nearly 10,000 patients age 70 to 85 who'd had precancerous growths removed a year or more before. In their surveillance colonoscopies, cancer detection was rare, found in 0.3% of patients, while advanced neoplasia was more common (12%), especially among people who'd had advanced growths removed before. The authors recommend discussing any benefits of continued testing "in the context of the life expectancy of the patient and weighed against the rare but known harms of colonoscopy, which increase with advancing age and comorbidities."


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What we're reading

  • She died after liposuction by a pediatrician. Doctors warn of cosmetic surgery's 'Wild West,' Los Angeles Times

  • Verve Therapeutics 'pauses' tests of its gene editor for heart disease and prioritizes a backup treatment, STAT
  • What you should know about 'toddler milk' and how it's marketed to parents, ProPublica

  • Roivant CEO: New deals could 'materialize later this year,' STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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