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New research brings ideas about generative AI down to earth

April 25, 2024
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Morning Rounds Writer and Podcast Producer

Last night, leaders in the life sciences and STAT staff members gathered for dinner in downtown Boston to celebrate the 2024 STATUS List, which honors 50 influential people shaping the future of health and life sciences. I ate some excellent short rib sliders, met some amazing sources IRL for the first time, and was inspired hearing from so many smart, compassionate health care leaders. And now, I'm tired! Happy Thursday, read on.

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h5n1 bird flu

USDA orders testing of some dairy cows to limit spread of bird flu

Rich Pedroncelli/AP

The USDA moved to try to limit spread of the H5N1 bird flu virus among dairy cattle on Wednesday, issuing a federal order that will require an animal to test negative for the virus before it can be moved across state lines. It also requires laboratories and state veterinarians to report any animals that have tested positive for H5N1 or any other influenza A virus, STAT's Helen Branswell reports. The order currently applies to lactating dairy cows but could be expanded if necessary.

At a Wednesday news conference, Don Prater, acting director of the FDA's Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, reiterated that while traces of H5N1 RNA were found in commercially purchased milk products, the agency believes pasteurization kills the viruses that those findings indicate were once in the milk. 

Read more from Helen on what federal agencies are doing to limit the spread of bird flu, and the missing details they plan to provide in the coming days. And if you're at the point where you're explaining the latest bird flu news to friends and family, you might find this explainer video by STAT's Alex Hogan helpful.


artificial intelligence

Can generative AI save doctors from burnout? More data required

Doctors are often buried in digital paperwork, a burden that can contribute to professional burnout. In an attempt to help, some health systems are moving swiftly to roll out applications using large language models. But recent research from academic hospitals is revealing significant limitations of the technology in medical settings, undercutting common industry talking points that generative artificial intelligence will save time and money, STAT's Casey Ross reports.

In the past week, researchers at the University of California, San Diego found that using an LLM to reply to patient messages didn't save clinicians time; another at Mount Sinai found that popular LLMs are lousy at mapping patients' illnesses to diagnostic codes; and still another at Mass General Brigham found that an LLM made safety errors when responding to simulated questions from cancer patients. One reply was potentially lethal. Read more from Casey on the early evidence that may be bringing generative AI down to Earth


cardiovascular health

Heart failure deaths are going … up?

After falling for a dozen years since 1999, deaths from heart failure have climbed so high that more people in the U.S. are dying of the chronic, progressive condition today than 25 years ago. A research letter in JAMA Cardiology tracking death certificate data found familiar racial and gender disparities that moved up almost in lockstep. One glaring exception: age. The death rate for people under 45 spiked 906% between 1999 and 2021, much more than for older people. 

More people survive heart attacks now, so more people develop heart failure, which could explain the increase. But new weight loss drugs might be able to curb increasing death rates. "The paradox is that at a time that we're seeing these increases in mortality, we also have access to better medications," said Sean Pinney, chief of cardiology at Mount Sinai Morningside. Read more from Liz on what else experts think might be behind the concerning trends.



who works on generative AI in health carefirst opinion

The unacknowledged health consequences facing trans youth

Spencer Platt/Getty Images

In her work as a pediatric psychologist, Melissa Santos has seen a surge in the number of families with transgender or nonbinary children who are moving to Connecticut, where she lives and works, and where young people can legally access gender-affirming care like hormones. The emotional harms of not receiving that care are clear, but people also need to recognize the overall health consequences that come from living in an unsupportive environment, Santos writes in a First Opinion essay.

Imagine you're a trans teen with back pain, she writes. "At school, you are bullied, called the wrong name, and disrespected. Your doctor uses the wrong name and pronouns. And you know you'll be laughed at trying on dresses at the mall." In that context, it's much harder for someone to manage their chronic pain. Read more on the difficult reality facing trans youth.


misinformation

Community notes accurately identified Covid misinformation on X (née Twitter)

Community Notes, the crowdsourced fact-checking system on the social media platform formerly known as Twitter, were overwhelmingly accurate when correcting Covid-19 vaccine misinformation last year, according to a review published yesterday in JAMA. Of the 45,000 notes written in the first year of the system, 657 focused on Covid vaccines — and of those, 97% were entirely accurate, according to the study. 

The review wasn't able to look at how users engaged with the notes, which addressed vaccine's adverse events, conspiracies, vaccine recommendations, and effectiveness — or if they had any effect on people's behavior. But given the promising results, the authors wrote, health officials hoping to do more vaccine education should consider participating in Community Notes.


stat events

Health care and life sciences leaders share their urgent priorities 

At last night's celebration of the 2024 STATUS List, the honorees had to sing for their supper: Each was asked to describe one urgent, undercovered area in medicine that they hoped would garner more attention and focus. The answers were as varied as the recipients, from biotech investors and price transparency advocates to AI research leaders and cancer immunotherapy pioneers. One response even came from a generative AI chatbot — no surprise, that one came from Peter Lee, who works on the technology's applications in health care at Microsoft Research. Read more from me about all their responses.


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What we're reading

  • Fauci agrees to testify in Congress on covid origins, pandemic policies, Washington Post

  • Supreme Court judges wrestle with abortion access in emergency cases, STAT
  • How to use race and ethnicity data responsibly in neuroscience research, The Transmitter
  • She was too sick for a traditional transplant. So she received a pig kidney and a heart pump, STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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