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A third US farm worker with bird flu, this time with respiratory symptoms

May 31, 2024
Annalisa-Merelli-avatar-teal
General Assignment Reporter

Buon venerdì! Some important evidence-based addiction news in our lineup today. Federal agencies are moving away from drug abstinence as the only viable addiction treatment, and softening to the idea that getting patients to use fewer drugs is, indeed, progress. And in First Opinion, experts explain why mothers in treatment for opioid use shouldn't have to fear having their children taken away by protective services. 

h5n1 bird flu

A third confirmed farm worker with bird flu is the first to show respiratory symptomsGettyImages-1244715733

Brendan Smialowski/AFP via Getty Images

A dairy farm worker in Michigan was infected with bird flu, state authorities confirmed on Thursday, in a separate farm from the one where a case was reported last week. Unlike the previous cases, the worker — who is recovering and taking antiviral drugs — developed respiratory symptoms after direct exposure to an infected cow. 

Respiratory symptoms are significant because they open up new possibilities for viral spread, reports STAT's Helen Branswell. If the virus developed the ability to transmit between humans — something it hasn't shown so far — it would spread more easily through the airways than through an eye infection, the only symptom displayed by humans until now. Read the latest H5N1 developments here


addiction treatment

The U.S. government is moving away from abstinence-focused drug policy

An important shift is happening in drug addiction policy: The government no longer thinks abstinence is the only solution. As my colleague Lev Facher reports, in recent years key federal agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, have quietly been welcoming initiatives with a different, more realistic goal: to reduce drug use if eliminating it is not possible. 

This reflects the broader evidence-based consensus in addiction treatment, which is increasingly adopting harm reduction in lieu of ideal, yet often unattainable, results. "The obvious metaphor is Russian roulette: Instead of taking 28 doses of fentanyl a week, you take four — it can still kill you, but the probability goes down," said Nora Volkow, the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. "So it's just a simple statistical matter." You can read more here about what changes are already in place, and what others harm reduction proponents would like to see. 


LONG COVID

The NIH Long Covid initiative looks like a $1 billion fail so far

Long Covid is a pernicious lasting effect of the pandemic, as millions of Americans deal with a mostly mysterious condition that often leads to disability. In 2020, the National Institutes of Health launched the $1 billion RECOVER initiative to investigate the chronic condition's root causes and identify possible treatment. Three years in, most of the initial budget has been spent — but little has been achieved.

NIH funding contracts obtained by The Sick Times, MuckRock, and STAT News contained clear and avoidable mistakes, according to long Covid experts, including not hiring scientists who had studied post-infectious chronic diseases prior to the pandemic. Experts say some of the RECOVER research has value — in particular, its studies on children — but the long Covid community feels let down, and is asking the government to do more for patients with the $500 million in new funding allocated this year. Read more



FIRST OPINION

Child protective services shouldn't take kids away from mothers in treatment for opioid use
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Jessica Rinaldi/Globe Staff

Mothers undergoing opioid use disorder treatment can face two battles: One against the addiction, and the other to keep custody of their children. Child services often misguidedly remove kids and babies from parents in this situation, write Arthur Robin Williams and Judith Cole, who work for Ophelia, a company that provides opioid addiction treatment. 

For many years, the law specified child protective services should get informed if a newborn was affected by "illegal" drugs, though in 2016 the "illegal" specification was removed — thus including methadone and buprenorphine, treatments for opioid use disorder. These measures can dissuade mothers from seeking care, Williams and Cole argue in a First Opinion. Individual states and hospitals are addressing this by significantly limiting the cases that warrant reporting. More here about what it would mean to adopt that approach at the federal level. 


maternal health

Preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of young-onset dementia

A large study published on Thursday in JAMA Network Open analyzed all the nearly 2 million patients who delivered children in France between 2010 and 2018, finding that pregnant people who developed preeclampsia, a disorder that manifests as high blood pressure during pregnancy, were more likely to develop young-onset dementia. 

Earlier studies have linked cognitive function impairments with preeclampsia, but this is the first time researchers found an association specifically with early-onset dementia. Patients who developed early dementia tended to be older (delivering at 36.4 years on average, compared to 34.6 for the larger group). Social deprivation, smoking, and diabetes were also associated with increased risk. And risk was higher in pregnant people who developed preeclampsia before 34 weeks of gestation, or already had other forms of hypertension.


antibiotics

Scientists test an antibiotic to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in mice

Gram-negative bacteria are the supervillains of pathogens: They are common, aggressive, and need treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, which can disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to further infection. The bacteria can also easily evolve to develop antimicrobial resistance. But a study published in Nature details research into a new weapon that could fight back against these superbugs: an experimental antibiotic called lolamicin. 

The antibiotic targets the lipoprotein transport system, or "Lol system," which is unique to Gram-negative bacteria. Lolamicin was effective against 130 different types of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the lab, and successfully treated infected mice that developed acute pneumonia and septicemia, without affecting their gut microbiome. In the study's control group, 87% of untreated mice with the same infections died.


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What we're reading

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Thanks for reading! More next week,

Nalis


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