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This is your brain while pregnant

September 17, 2024
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Morning Rounds Writer and Podcast Producer
Good morning! Recently I was catching up with a friend who asked me how worried she should be about mpox. I talked for almost five minutes about how she should avoid raw milk before I realized she said mpox not bird flu. What a world we're living in! For the straightforward FAQs on mpox, watch today's video from Helen Branswell and Hyacinth Empinado. (And still stay away from raw milk.)

cancer

After 10 years of game-changing immunotherapies — what's next?

Andrew Joseph/STAT

It's been a decade since a new type of cancer treatment entered the market. Immunotherapies enlist the body's own immune cells to attack tumors. While Opdivo and Keytruda weren't the first such drugs, they changed the landscape of what was possible in cancer care. 

"There's a lot of people who are alive today who would've been dead otherwise," said Eliav Barr, the chief medical officer of Merck, which makes Keytruda. There was a sense of gratitude at the European Society for Medical Oncology conference in Barcelona this past weekend, STAT's Drew Joseph reports. There's a decade of improved results for patients, but on top of that, researchers now have a decade of data. 

Read more in STAT+ on the long-term data presented at the conference and what it means for cancer care going forward, including a discussion about that elusive word: "cure." And if you want to wade in deeper, Drew wrote more than half a dozen stories on everything you need to know about the conference. Read those here.


one big number

39 million

That's an estimate of the number of people worldwide who will die from antibiotic-resistant infections between 2025 and 2050. In the same span, 169 million additional deaths could be associated with these infections. The estimates come from a paper published yesterday in The Lancet that analyzed deaths in 204 countries between 1990 and 2021 to create a statistical model for the future. Over three decades, deaths of children ages five and under due to antibiotic resistant infections decreased by 50%, while those among adults 70 and older increased by more than 80%. It's this older population that will see the largest increases in deaths from resistant infections over the next few decades.


neuroscience

This is your brain while pregnant

Weight gain, morning sickness, mood swings, hair growth. The body changes in all sorts of ways when somebody becomes pregnant, but for the first time, researchers have tracked how one woman's brain changed over the course of a pregnancy. Researchers at UC Santa Barbara scanned a 38-year-old mother's brain every few weeks starting before her child was conceived until two years after she gave birth. While existing research has looked at the brain before and after pregnancy, this study, published yesterday in Nature Neuroscience, marks the first time the brain has been mapped throughout a pregnancy. 

The biggest change was how grey matter — which plays a big role in memory and emotions — decreased significantly during pregnancy as hormone production increased. (The authors note this isn't necessarily a bad thing.) Other studies have shown this decrease persists for years after pregnancy, which may indicate that the hormonal shifts of pregnancy "remodel the brain" in the same way that changes during puberty are known to do, the study authors write.  

A smaller change also caught the team's attention: Deep in the brain, there were major increases in white matter, which coordinates communication between different parts of the grey matter. The increase peaked during the second trimester, then levels went back to normal around when the woman gave birth. The change shows just how elastic the brain can be, researchers write. They hope that the research can be a starting point for future studies that could investigate people's risk for postpartum depression.



video

Answering your FAQ on mpox

Hyacinth Empinado/STAT 

Last month, the WHO declared the mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other African countries a public health emergency of international concern. You may have heard of this disease back in 2022, when an outbreak that reached the U.S. triggered the same alarm. But if you have lingering questions about what mpox is, why it's spreading again, and what needs to be done, then STAT's Helen Branswell has you covered. Watch this video, produced by STAT's Hyacinth Empinado, to have all your questions answered. 

For folks who are already caught up, you can read this First Opinion essay by WHO's interim pandemic threat director Maria D. Van Kerkhove on how she thinks we should combat the outbreak.


health care

Survey: Older adults' concerns with the health care system

People over age 65 are largely unsatisfied with the health care they receive, according to a new national survey of more than 5,000 people, over half of whom were over 65. Of those older respondents, 82% felt that "the health care system is not prepared for the growing and changing needs of our country's aging population." Here are a few more interesting takeaways:

  • Stay at home: Almost all (95%) older adults want to age in place — meaning they want to stay in their homes, rather than move to a long-term facility. They have specific concerns: bad care, losing independence, mistreatment and disrespect. But not everyone can afford to age in place. 
  • Fragmented care: More than half (52%) of older adults see at least three different physicians each year. Almost a third see at least five. But only half of older respondents said that their primary care doctor coordinates with the others.
  • Disease worries: Older people reported worrying more about Alzheimer's disease and dementia than any other disease. Only 40% of those who have a regular health care provider said the provider routinely evaluates their cognitive functioning. For those over age 80, about 47% said they received regular evaluations.

medical devices

Heart devices recalled for safety aren't usually tested on patients

Over the last decade, more than 150 cardiovascular devices have been recalled because of a risk of serious injury or death. A new study of FDA documents found that only 30 of those devices had clearly documented clinical testing before coming to market. Most recalls were due to design flaws, and one out of every four devices were recalled more than once. 

"There needs to be better identification of which devices are truly going to pose high risk to patients," Jonathan Dubin, an orthopedic surgeon who has researched device recalls, said to STAT's Katie Palmer. Read more in STAT+ on how these dangerous devices slip through cracks in the regulatory system.


More around STAT
Check out more exclusive coverage with a STAT+ subscription
Read premium in-depth biotech, pharma, policy, and life science coverage and analysis with all of our STAT+ articles.

What we're reading

  • Abortion bans have delayed emergency medical care. In Georgia, experts say this mother's death was preventable, ProPublica

  • Top staffer on drug pricing to depart Senate Finance Committee, STAT
  • Arizona cracked down on Medicaid fraud that targeted Native Americans. It left patients without care, Arizona Center for Investigative Reporting
  • Q&A: The U.S. can, and should, do more on H5N1 bird flu, a top WHO official says, STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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