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The uncertain future of brain research

April 1, 2025
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Morning Rounds Writer and Podcast Producer

Good morning! Yesterday, I was googling to see if STAT ever published April Fool's content. The generative AI overview told me, "StatNews, like many news outlets, uses April 1st to publish articles that are intentionally humorous or satirical." 

This isn't true. But the source link that Google provided was an otherwise quite interesting 2019 First Opinion essay about a hospital switching to Epic's electronic records system. Anyway, be careful out there today, folks. 

research

The uncertain future of the BRAIN Initiative

a pink, wrinkly brain, shrouded in darkness in front of a pitch black background

Photo illustration: STAT; Photo: Adobe

Since the BRAIN Initiative launched in 2013, the NIH has awarded more than $3 billion to researchers who have developed a deeper understanding of the body's most important and complex organ. But after years of big funding cuts — including a 20% decrease in 2025 compared to 2024 — the future of the effort is unclear.

The BRAIN Initiative — the full name is Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies — has been talked about as a Human Genome Project for the brain. But some experts told STAT reporters Jonathan Wosen and O. Rose Broderick that the comparison oversold what the project could achieve. 

There are three key pillars of the research: identifying the brain's many cell types, understanding how these cells are connected to one another, and developing tools to precisely target specific brain regions. Read more from Jonathan and Rose about what the research has achieved so far, and what the future may look like.


Science

Uniting 'to protect independent scientific inquiry'

Nearly 2,000 of the nation's top researchers are calling on the Trump administration to halt the "wholesale assault on U.S. science," which they say is threatening America's position as a global research leader as well as the health and safety of its citizens.

In an open letter published on Monday, the signatories, all elected members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine — a prestigious body of the nation's most accomplished scientists — took pains to make clear that they are not speaking for the National Academies. Concerns over jeopardizing funding, or even having its charter revoked, have dominated decision-making at the NASEM leadership level, said Randy Schekman, a member who signed the letter and was an early critic of the organization's silence. "They see this as an existential issue." Read more from Megan Molteni.


health tech

HHS won't enforce SOGI data requirements for medical records

On March 21, a lesser-known office within the federal health agency quietly announced that it would not enforce new requirements that electronic health records have fields to collect and exchange patients' sexual orientation and gender identity. The standards were set to be enforced by the beginning of next year. 

To be clear: these rules didn't require the collection of sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI) data. Rather, they required that software simply have the ability to do so. Of course, health care providers can still collect that information if they want to. But the lack of consistent standards across records will make it especially hard for queer patients to receive the care they need, and for researchers to interpret the records. Read more about the change from STAT's Katie Palmer.



reproductive health

For anyone considering taking the pill after giving birth 

Taking hormonal birth control in the first year after having a baby was associated with a 1.5 times higher "instantaneous" risk of depression as opposed to not taking it, according to a study published yesterday in JAMA Network Open. That applies to the combination pill, non-oral combination methods (patch, ring), and non-oral progestogen methods (implant, injection, hormonal IUDs), but not the progestogen-only pill. And for those who took the combination pill, the risk was higher the earlier that treatment started.

The results are based on a nationwide Danish dataset including everyone who gave birth to their first child between 1997 and 2022. In that cohort of more than 610,000 first-time parents, 40% started some sort of hormonal birth control in the first year. The increased risk was particularly pronounced for patients without a prior mental health issue. It's critical for providers to talk about these potential risks with patients, the study authors wrote. 

(Some reading suggestions from the STAT archives: a feature about how women with postpartum depression can fall through the cracks and a beautiful First Opinion about the experience by one of STAT's own editors.)


mistakes

When retracted studies sneak into systemic analysis

Over the decade between January 2013 and April 2024, the highest-impact medical journals published 61 systematic reviews with 173 meta-analyses that included at least one retracted study. Oops! In most cases, the study was retracted after the review was published, and 11 reviews have since been revised or retracted. That's all according to, well, a systematic review, published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine

The review found that, overall, the impact was "modest," as recalculated effect estimates mostly remained within a narrow confidence interval. The small changes to the results that did occur were most often in favor of the tested intervention, and the changes were meaningful in 14% of the analyses. Researchers and journal editors should have a process in place to manage the possibility of retractions and how they affect these analyses, the authors write.


global health

An HIV 'miracle drug' in jeopardy

The Trump administration's decision to sharply cut international assistance and close USAID has left the future of the hugely successful President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, in question. The program, estimated to have saved 26 million lives since its inception in 2003, was on track to save millions more: In collaboration with other global funders, PEPFAR was slated to deploy resources to distribute Gilead Sciences' lenacapavir. The rollout of the "miracle" HIV prevention drug, which only needs to be administered by injection twice yearly, is now in jeopardy.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio in January signed a waiver for PEPFAR to only fund prevention for pregnant and breastfeeding women, leaving out vulnerable populations such as adolescent girls and young men who have sex with men. But PEPFAR's future funding, even for that narrow population, is uncertain.

One international aid and HIV expert says that ensuring lenacapavir is available is a "deal not to be missed," because the drug is an American innovation that could yield profits for Gilead if it licenses the medicine as planned. In doing so, this would not only create jobs for Americans, but save millions of lives in poor countries. That, she says, is reason for Trump to get on board. Read more from Ed Silverman and Jason Mast.


More around STAT
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What we're reading

  • Exclusive: Vence Bonham, acting chief of National Human Genome Research Institute, 'unexpectedly' put on leave, STAT
  • Planned Parenthood's 'devastating' plan to shutter in Manhattan, The Cut

  • How much will that surgery cost? Hospital price lists remain largely unhelpful, NPR
  • Texas judge strikes down FDA's plan to regulate lab-developed tests, STAT

Thanks for reading! More tomorrow,


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